Everything About ROM That Should Know
Welcome friends, Kya aap jante hain ROM kya hain aur iss ka kya use hain ? Agar nahi toh iss article ko pura pade. Iss post mein Main aapko primary memory mein se ek ROM ki Puri details dunga. Jaise ROM kya hain?, ROM kitne types ki hote hain etc...
What is ROM ?
ROM, jis ka pura name Read Only Memory hain, ek memory device ya storage medium hain jo data aur instructions ko permanently store karte hain. Yeah RAM ki tarah he ek primary memory hain. Iss memory ko 'Read Only Memory' kaha jata hain kyuki ham iss ka Program data read toh kar sakte hain. But usko write nahi kar sakte hain. Yeah sirf wahi data access kar sakte hain jo issme stored hain.
ROM manufacturing ke time par manufactures he ROM mein data ko store karate hain. Iss ke baad ROM mein change posible nahi hain matlab program ko rewrite, reprogram or erase nahi kara ja sakta. But ROM ke kuch versions hain jinhe erase aur rewrite kiya ja sakta hain. ROM ke sabhe versions ko niche 'Types of ROM' mein describe kiya hain.
ROM ek Non-Volatile memory hain jis ka matlab iss mein jo bhi data hain woh power OFF hone ke baad bhi iss mein stored rahega, remove nahi hoga. Manufacturing ke time chip mein data ek interconnection pattern mein save kiya jata hain. Jab ek bar pattern established ho jata hain tab coomputer established ho jata tab computer shut down hone par bhi data safe rehata hain.
ROM ka sabse aacha example Basic Input Output System (BIOS) hain. Computer ON karne par computer directly ON nahi hota hain. Iss mein thoda time aur process lagti hain jis ko Boot Up process kahate hain. Booting process computer ON karte hain. Booting process mein secondary memory mein stored operating system, Main memory (RAM) mein load hota hain. BIOS ek ROM memory hota hain jo computer ko ON karne mein help karta hain. BIOS sabhe hardware aur operating system ko connect karta hain.
ROM ka second best example Firmware hain. Firmware ek program hota hain jo hardware mein stored hota hain jaise - keyboard, mouse etc... Yeah hardware ke flash ROM mein stored hote hain. Firmware mein woh data(instructions) stored hota hain jis se computer ko pata chalta hain ki other device se kis tarah communicate aur interact karna hain.
Types Of ROM :-
ROM ke bhot sare types hain. Kuch ROM rewritable hote hain toh kuch nahi. In sabhe versions ka use alag alag requriment ke according kiya jata hain. Iss liye aapko sabhe ROM's ki information ke sath niche mil jayage.
Masked Read Only Memory: Yeah ROM ka sabse purana version hain. Yeah version itna purana hain ki isko aaj ke time mein kahi bhi use nahi kiya jata hain. Yeah ek hard wired memory device hain jis mein manufacturing ke time he manufacturer instructions ko store kar daate hain. Aur ek bar programmed ho jane ke baad isko erase, reprogram aur modified karna impossible hain.
Programmable Read Only Memory: Iss memory ko short mein PROM bhi kaha jata hain. PROM, ROM ka blank version hota hain. Iss ROM ke manufacturing ke time blank rakha jata hain that means iss mein koi bhi instructions nahi hote hain. Koi bhi user PROM ko blank buy karke apne according instructions ko write kar sakta hain. PROM ko sirf ek bar he program kiya ja sakta hain. Iss ko program karne ke liye 'programmer' name ka special toola ka use kiya jata hain. PROM ka mostly use mobile phones, medical devices aur video consoles etc... mein hota hain. PROM mein data ko write karne ke liye ek device hota hain jis ko PROM programmer ya PROM burner kaha jata hain. PROM ko write karne ki process ko 'Burning the PROM' kaha jata hain. Ek bar data ko PROM mein write karne ke baad data ko modified nahi kiya ja sakta.
Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory: Isshe short mein EPROM bhi kaha jata hain. EPROM, ROM ka first version hain jis ko reprogram aur erase kiya ja sakta hain. EPROM ko erase karna bhot different aur diffuclt hain. EPROM ek quartz window ke sath aate hain jo isshe mein lagi hote hain. Iss window mein se specific Ultra-violet frequency ko pass karne se data remove ho jata hain. Data erasing ke process mein approx 40 minutes tak ka time lagta hain. EPROM ko lifetime mein kam se kam 1000 times erase kiya ja sakta hain. EPROM ko rewrite karne ke liye ek special device chaiyea hota hain jis ko PROM programmer aur PROM burner kaha jata hain. Iss ka mainly used micro-controller mein hota hain.
Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory: Isshe short mein EEPROM kaha jata hain. EEPROM, ROM ka ek type hain jis ko erase aur reprogram kiya ja sakta hain. Iss ko 10000 bar rewrite kiya ja sakta hain. Iss ko bina ultraviolate light ke electrically reprogram kiya ja sakta hain. Erasing aur programming dono mein approx 4 se 10ms (milliseconds) ka time lagta hain. EEPROM mein ek time mein ek he byte erase aur write hota hain. Computer ke BIOS mein iss ka use hota hain.
Flash Memory: Flash memory, ROM ka latest aur EEPROM ka advanced version hain. Iss memory mein ek time mein 512 bytes ka erase aur write kiya ja sakta hain. EEPROM mein ek time mein sirf 1 Byte ka data he erase kiya ja sakta tha issliye Yeah EEPROM ke compare mein bhot he jyada fast hain. Flash memory ko bina computer se remove kare reprogramm kiya jata hain. Flash Memory ka access time bhi bhot jyada hain. Iss ka access time 45 se 90 nanoseconds hain. Flash memory ka use USB flash drives, modems, SSD etc... mein kiya jata hain.
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